Involved Countries

Primary target of coalition strikes on nuclear and military infrastructure.

Leading coalition air strikes against Iranian military and nuclear facilities.

Participating in strikes on Iranian nuclear and military infrastructure. Targeted by Hezbollah from Lebanon.

Authorized US use of British air bases after Iranian drone struck UK base in Cyprus.

Hit by ~800 Iranian projectiles. Strikes on Dubai's Palm Jumeirah and Jebel Ali Port.

Iranian drones targeted US Navy 5th Fleet HQ in Manama and struck residential buildings.

Attacked on day one. 6 US service members and 5 Kuwaiti citizens killed. Embassy closed, airport damaged.

Coalition use of airspace and bases. Iran attacked US bases and the US embassy in Riyadh.

Iran expanded strikes to US bases in Oman on the second day of the war.

Iranian drones struck Nakhchivan airport and civilian areas on March 5. Mobilizing military in response.

Full-scale war between Israel and Hezbollah since March 2. Israeli ground invasion on March 3. Over 1,000 killed and nearly 1 million displaced.

UK air base struck by Iranian drone. Now defended by naval and air assets from France, Greece, Italy, Netherlands and Spain.

Al Udeid, largest US base in the Middle East, targeted with ballistic missiles and drones. Qatar's air force shot down two Iranian Su-24 fighters.

Military intercepted Iranian missiles. Damage at US and German military installations at Al-Azraq air base.

Iranian missile killed 4 in Sweida on Feb 28. Unexploded missiles found in northeastern region.

Iran targeted pro-US Kurdish forces. Iranian proxies attacked US bases within borders.

NATO intercepted Iranian ballistic missiles over Turkish territory. Incirlik Air Base likely targeted. Refused to open airspace for strikes on Iran.

Deployed aircraft carrier and frigate Languedoc to eastern Mediterranean. Shot down Iranian drones defending Qatar, Kuwait and UAE under bilateral defense agreements.

Deployed 2 frigates and 4 F-16s to defend Cyprus. Opened Souda Bay base in Crete for US operations.

Sending warships to protect Cyprus and air defense systems to Gulf states. Italian installations in Iraq and Kuwait hit by Iranian strikes.

Supports coalition. German military camp at Al-Azraq in Jordan struck by Iranian ballistic missile. Ramstein air base used for US logistics.

Deployed warships to Cyprus protection mission alongside France, Italy and Spain.

Deployed warships to Cyprus protection mission alongside France, Italy and Netherlands.

Opened Lajes Field air base in the Azores for US defensive operations.

Deployed missiles and radar aircraft to help UAE and Gulf states defend against Iranian strikes.

Mobilized troops on western border. Balancing ties between Iran and Saudi Arabia under mutual defense agreement. Sectarian violence following Khamenei's death.

Iran-backed Houthis threatened Red Sea escalation but have so far held fire. Internal debate over whether to join the war.

Mobilized tens of thousands of troops, tanks, armored vehicles and combat helicopters to northern Sinai. Air defenses on high alert along the Gaza–Israel border. Condemned Iranian strikes on Gulf states and Jordan.

Surged guided-missile destroyers into the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman to escort Indian-flagged merchant vessels and oil tankers. Evacuated over 52,000 citizens from UAE, Saudi Arabia and Oman.

Deployed drone-defense specialists and low-cost interceptors to the Gulf at US request. Helping protect coalition forces against Iranian Shahed drones.

Mobilized border forces and opened four additional militarized crossings along the Iran border for emergency evacuation of foreign citizens and refugees fleeing northeastern Iran.

IRGC-trained Sudanese Muslim Brotherhood fighters (est. 20,000) fighting alongside the Sudanese army. US designated the group a terrorist organization citing Iran links.

Hosts Camp Lemonnier, the only permanent US military base in Africa with ~4,000 troops. US Embassy issued security alert on March 10 amid threats from Iran and Houthis.

Iranian military logistics routed through Eritrean ports Assab and Massawa. Satellite imagery revealed heavy cargo aircraft linked to sanctioned Iranian supply chains.